$199
African American History 1639 - 2017 USB Drive
African American History: 1639 – 2017 Documents Archive USB Drive
207,467 pages of documents in 58 collections compiled by BACM Research covering African American history.
This collection documents the many unique experiences people of African descent have experienced in the United States.
The USB Pen card works with any device with a USB 2.0, 3.0 or 3.1 interface.
The Pen card chip is housed in a metal body that is waterproof, shock-proof, temperature-proof, magnet-proof, and X-ray-proof.
This collection includes as a finding aid, a unified full-text index of all computer recognizable text in all documents in this collection, making it possible to quickly search all computer recognizable text across all pages of all collections in one search.
Among the 58 document sets are:
African American Newspaper: Freedom's Journal - America's First African American Newspaper
616 Pages, all 103 issues of Freedom's Journal ever published, America's First African American newspaper. Plus 860 pages of history of the African American Press from 1800 to 1920.
"Freedom's Journal," was the first newspaper published by blacks in the United States. It was published weekly in New York City from March 16, 1827, to March 28, 1829. The newspaper was founded in 1827, the same year that slavery was abolished in New York State, by a group of free Black men in New York City. Samuel E. Cornish and John B. Russwurm served as its senior and junior editors. Cornish was a Presbyterian pastor, Russwurm was born in Jamaica to a black woman and a white plantation owner. After publishing for six months, Cornish resigned, and Russwurm became the newspaper’s sole editor.
African American Slave Audio Recordings
7 hours 33 minutes of audio recordings and 232 pages of transcripts of interviews of former African American slaves.
Approximately four million Americans enslaved in the United States were freed at the conclusion of the American Civil War. The stories of a few thousand have been passed on to future generations through word of mouth, diaries, letters, records, or written transcripts of interviews. Only twenty-six audio-recorded interviews of ex-slaves have been found. This collection captures the stories of former slaves in their own words and voices.
African American Slave Testimonies and Photographs
9,700 pages of primary source oral history documents containing the testimonies of former African American Slaves, and 401 photographs.
Slave narratives from the Federal Writers' project, dating from 1936 to 1938, containing more than 2,300 first-person accounts of slavery in America. These narratives were collected as part of the Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration (WPA) and assembled and microfilmed in 1941 as the seventeen-volume Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves.
African American Slavery: California Fugitive Slave Case: Stovall v. Archy Legal Papers
Stovall v. Archy is the only known federal fugitive slave case tried in California, a "free state." Archy Lee was an African American born into slavery in Mississippi in 1840. Lee's slave-owner was Charles Stovall, he brought Lee with him to Sacramento, California on October 2, 1857. While in California, Stovall opened a private school and rented out Lee. In January 1858, when Stovall decided to return to Mississippi, Lee, then age 18, escaped from Stovall while on the way to a ship heading out of California and returned to Sacramento.
American Slavery: Slave Auction Catalog
John G. Winter: Catalog of Negroes, mules, carts, wagons, etc., to be sold in Montgomery on the 23d instant at 10 o'clock, A.M. (1854). The existence of this catalog starkly illustrates the status of the enslaved as being chattel.
This 1852 auction catalog lists 115 slaves by name with detailed descriptions of each, compiled by the proprietor. The catalog omits listing the other, non-human lots in the auction.
African Americans in the Military, 1639 to 1886 Documentary History, Records, Papers & Historical Works
This collection contains 8,424 pages of material.
American Criminal Trials Important and Interesting Trial Reports (1659 to 1913)
15,700 pages of reports on important and interesting American trials from 1659 to 1913, contained in the 17 volumes of "American State Trials: a Collection of the Important and Interesting Criminal Trials which have taken place in the United States, from the Beginning of our Government to the Present Day, with Notes and Annotations, " (published 1914 - 1936).
Amistad Slave Revolt Case Documents
260 pages of printed text and documents related to the Amistad slave revolt case.
In 1839 a Portuguese slave trader purchased a cargo of about 50 kidnapped African natives from a Spaniard involved in the slave trade on the Guinea Coast of West Africa. The trade was prohibited by a treaty between Spain, Portugal, and Great Britain. Transported to the Caribbean aboard the Portuguese vessel, Tecora, the captives, from the Mendi tribe on the northern border of Nigeria, were not slaves but legally free men who had been illegally enslaved. The Tecora landed in Havana, where the captives were marched to a slave market. Two Cubans, Ruiz and Montes, purchased them and planned to take them by the coastal schooner, Amistad, to Puerto Prìncipe, a Cuban plantation area.
Atlanta Child Murders/Wayne Williams FBI Files & City of Atlanta Files
5,840 pages of files from the FBI and the Atlanta City Archives covering the Atlanta Child Murders.
Between July 1979 and May 1981, the disappearance and murder of 30 children and young adults occurred in Atlanta, Georgia. Some of the bodies were found in the Chattahoochee River. On the morning of May 21, 1981, police staking out a bridge crossing the Chattahoochee heard a splash. A car driven by Wayne Bertram Williams was stopped. Two days later, the body of 27-year-old Nathaniel Cater was found downstream from the bridge. On February 27, 1982, Williams was found guilty on two counts of murder in Fulton County Superior Court, Atlanta, Georgia. He was sentenced to two consecutive life terms. Two days later the task force disbanded and announced that 24 of 30 cases were considered solved and attributed to Williams.
Attica Prison Riot (September 9-13, 1971) Documents, FBI Files, Court Transcripts, Photographs, Audio & Film
11,708 pages of Attica Prison Riot Documents, FBI Files, Court Transcripts, Photographs. 16 hours and 37 minutes of audio recordings and 10 minutes of video of Attica taken at the beginning of the end of the riot.
The Attica prison riot (also known as the Attica Prison uprising and the Attica Prison rebellion) began on September 9, 1971, when about 1,000 of the approximately 2,200 inmates in the Attica Correctional Facility, in Attica NY rebelled and seized control of the prison. The riot was based in part upon
prisoners' demands for better living conditions, Attica was severely overcrowded at the time, but may also have been triggered in part by a recent incident at San Quentin Prison in California, where George Jackson, a black radical activist prisoner, was shot to death by corrections officers on August 21.
Barack Obama Department of Defense Correspondences
117 pages of correspondences between Senator Barack Obama and the Department of Defense, dating from March 3, 2005, to February 8, 2008.
Black Panther Party (BPP) FBI Files & Government Reports
10,939 pages of FBI Files and Congressional reports and hearings transcripts covering the Black Panther Party (BPP).
The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPP) was established in October 1966 in Oakland, California, through the collaboration of Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale, both of whom became acquainted while attending Merrit College in Oakland. The organization embraced a revolutionary ideology that espoused principles of Black nationalism, socialism, and armed self-defense as a direct response to pervasive incidents including police brutality. Operating within the framework of the broader Black Power movement, the BPP diverged from the integrationist goals and nonviolent protest tactics championed by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Southern Christian Leadership Conference. The BPP adopted its name, drawing inspiration from the utilization of the black panther symbol by the Lowndes County Freedom Organization, an autonomous Black political party that had recently emerged in Alabama.
Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas Case and Related Cases Documents
7,628 pages of documents related to the Brown v. Board of Educaon Topeka, Kansas case.
Bull Connor FBI Files
Theophilus Eugene "Bull" Connor was born on July 11, 1897, in Selma, Alabama. In the 1960's he was the Public Safety Commissioner of Birmingham, Alabama. In this position he countered civil rights protest actions with fire hoses, police dogs, and even a small tank against protest marchers. His aggressive tactics lead to him becoming a symbol of hardline Southern racism.
Connor efforts backfired when the spectacle of the brutality being broadcast on national television served as one of the catalysts for major social and legal change in the South and helped in large measure to assure the passage by the United States Congress of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
CIA Operation CHAOS, CACTUS, RESISTANCE, & MERRIMACK American Dissents Monitoring Programs Files
5,325 pages of CIA files (3,244 pages) and Congressional investigation reports related to Operation Chaos.
Operation CHAOS or Operation MHCHAOS was the code name of a Central Intelligence Agency domestic intelligence program compiling information on Americans from 1967 to 1974, Established by President Johnson and expanded under President Nixon, the program's original mission was to uncover possible foreign influence on domestic race, anti-war and other protest movements. The operation was launched under Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) Richard Helms by chief of counter-intelligence James Jesus Angleton, and headed by Richard Ober. 300,000 individuals were indexed in a CIA computer system and separate files were created on approximately 7,200 Americans and over 100 domestic groups during the course of CIA's Operation CHAOS (1967-1973).
Civil War: 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Commander Robert G. Shaw Letters & Papers
1,104 pages of letters written by, and papers related to Colonel Robert G. Shaw, commander of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, one of the first official African American units in the United States during the Civil War, copied from material held by the Houghton Library.
Robert Gould Shaw (October 10, 1837 – July 18, 1863) was an American military officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War. As Colonel, he commanded the all-black 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment. The 54th was created under the order of Massachusetts Governor John Andrew in 1863. Shaw was killed in the Second Battle of Fort Wagner, near Charleston, South Carolina.
Civil War: Defense Department Official History of African American Soldiers in the Civil War
2,403 pages of Defense Department Official History of African American Soldiers in the Civil War and 19th century volumes written by African American writers on the subject.
Civil War: First African American Awarded the Medal of Honor: Sergeant William Carney Documents
William Harvey Carney (February 29, 1840 – December 9, 1908) was born into slavery in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1840. His family eventually gained freedom and moved to Massachusetts. Carney joined the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry in March 1863 as a sergeant. He took part in the July 18, 1863, assault on Fort Wagner in Charleston, South Carolina.
Sergeant William Carney of New Bedford, MA, became the first African American to perform action deemed to merit the Medal of Honor for "most distinguished gallantry in action" during the 54th Massachusetts Infantry's assault on Fort
Wagner, South Carolina, on July 18, 1863. After being shot in the thigh, Carney crawled on his knees, bearing the Union flag.
COINTELPRO - Black Extremist Groups FBI Files & Congressional Reports
6,195 pages of FBI files.
1,394 pages of Congressional reports.
The FBI's counterintelligence program (COINTELPRO - Black Extremist Groups aimed to promote dissent among domestic racial groups from 1956 to 1971.
The FBI wrote at the time of the establishment of a COINTELPRO division for "Black Extremist Groups," and that, "The purpose of this new counterintelligence endeavor is to expose, disrupt, misdirect, discredit, or otherwise neutralize the activities of black nationalist, hate-type organizations and groupings, their leadership, spokesmen, membership, and supporters, and to counter their propensity for violence and civil disorder. The activities of all such groups of intelligence interest to this Bureau must be followed on a continuous basis so we will be in a position to promptly take advantage of all opportunities for counterintelligence and to inspire action in instances where circumstances warrant. The pernicious background of such groups, their duplicity, and devious maneuvers must be exposed to public scrutiny where such publicity will have a neutralizing effect. "
Coretta Scot King FBI Files
976 pages.
Deacons For Defense and Justice FBI Files, Miss. State Files, Court Documents, Oral Histories
2,637 pages of FBI Files, Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission files, court documents and oral history transcripts covering the Deacons for Defense and Justice (DDJ).
The DDJ was originally made up of black veterans from World War II, who believed in armed self-defense. The Deacons for Defense and Justice was formed in 1964 in the mill town of Jonesboro, Louisiana as an armed self-defense organization of black men to protect local citizens and civil rights workers against the KKK.
Emmett Till Murder FBI - White House - State of Mississippi Files, Newspaper Articles and Histories
2,270 pages of FBI, White House, State of Mississippi Sovereignty Commission files, newspaper articles, and histories related to the murder of Emmett Till (1941-1955).
Emmett Louis Till was born in Chicago, Illinois, at Cook County Hospital, on July 25, 1941, to Mamie and Louis Till. Till traveled to Money, Mississippi in 1955, to spend the summer with his great uncle, Moses Wright, and his relatives. On August 24, 1955, Emmett, age 14, entered the Bryant Grocery & Meat Market in town of Money, Mississippi. Till exited the store, and shortly thereafter the store owner's wife, Carolyn Bryant, a white woman, exited as well. Upon her exit, Till whistled. The relatives accompanying Emmett knew this whistle from a black male could cause trouble and they left with Till in haste.
FBI Rabble Rouser Index Documents
A total of 1,034 pages of documents related to the FBI'S Rabble Rouser Index.
Before coming to the time when they were able to rely on computer databases, the Bureau relied on an index card system developed by J. Edgar Hoover. Hoover brought with him to the Bureau his knowledge about indexing and cataloging he learned while he was employed at the National Archives.
The Index List was used by the FBI for those believed to be dangerous to national security. The Index List was divided into various sections and new subdivisions were created over time.
In 1950, a Security Index was created to list people the FBI thought should be immediately arrest during a national emergency by order of the president.
On August 4, 1967, the FBI created the Rabble Rouser Index. A September 5, 1967, FBI memo states, "We established a Rabble Rouser Index to consist of the names, identifying data, and background information of individuals who have demonstrated by their actions and speeches that they have a propensity for fomenting racial disorder. The field was instructed to submit nominations for inclusion in the Index."
A memo sent out on April 4, 1968, the day of the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. stated:
“In view of the possibility of widespread riots in the months ahead and because of the propensity of certain professional rabble rousers to travel about the country fomenting or perpetrating civil disorders, the Bureau is requested to give consideration to furnishing all offices with photographs, descriptions, and succinct background of all individuals on the Agitator Index. This can be done either on a regional or national basis. This will preclude the necessity of last-minute teletypes to various offices requesting photographs and information regarding individuals whom informants may advise are either present in or who are contemplating coming to a particular division to participate in an anticipated riot or a riot then in progress.”
Fred Hampton FBI File 44-HQ-44202
698 pages.
In 1967, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) identified Hampton as a radical threat. It tried to subvert his activities in Chicago, sowing disinformation among black progressive groups and placing a counterintelligence operative in the local Panthers organization. In December 1969, Hampton died in a predawn raid at his Chicago apartment by a tactical unit of the Cook County State's Attorney's Office, who received aid from the Chicago Police Department and the FBI leading up to the raid.
Frederick Douglass' Monthly (1859-1863)
738 pages of Frederick Douglass's monthly newspaper, "Douglass' Monthly." Issues dating from January 1859 to June 1863. This collection does not contain issues for September 1859, January-March 1860, May 1860, June 1862, and December 1862, May 1863. It is not clear if issues were published for these dates. Indications are that Douglass was having financial difficulties with the paper and issues for those dates may not have been published.
Jackie Robinson FBI Files
131 pages of files copied from FBI Headquarters in Washington, D.C., covering Jackie Robinson. Robinson made history as the first African American to play baseball in the Major Leagues when he signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1946.
Files contain approximately 90 discernable pages of various information, memos, reports from informants, miscellany, and articles mostly concerning Robinson's political activities.
Jackie Robinson "Jim Crow" Court Martial & Military Personnel Records
371 pages of Jackie Robinson's military personnel file, including documents related to his court martial stemming from his refusing to move to the back of a bus.
This Official Military Personnel File includes records from the following folders: Service Documents (March 1942-October 1945); Field File/Jacket or Record Book (April 1942-February 1943); Correspondence (August 1944-June 1958); Disciplinary (July 1944-August 1944); Medical Records (April 1942-August 1951).
Also included is an article from Prologue, the magazine of the National Archives and Records Administration, covering his court martial.
Josephine Baker FBI Files
471 pages of files copied from FBI Headquarters in Washington, D.C., covering Josephine Baker. Files contain pages dating from the 1950's of various information, memos, letters from the public, miscellany, and newspaper articles concerning Josephine Baker's political activities, the FBI's belief she was involved in communist activities, her return to the United States after renouncing her citizenship, and her lawsuit against Walter Winchell.
Journals of the Voyages of the Slavers St. John and Arms of Amsterdam Years 1659 and 1663
An 1867 publishing of the translations of the journals of the slave ships the St. John and Arms of Amsterdam.
Korean War Foxhole Newspaper: Eagle Forward
696 pages of the Eagle Forward newspaper, published by the Public Information Office, 24th Infantry Regiment, Korea, during the Korean War from September 14th, 1950, to October 1st, 1951.
Soon after Brooklyn's Col. John T. Corley took over command of the Negro 24th Regiment, composed of black enlisted men and mostly white officers, he began work on a newspaper for troops in the field. At the time Corley was one of the Army's most decorated officers, having received 13 medals for heroism. The African American 24th Infantry was one of the last segregated regiments in the U.S. Army. An original Buffalo Soldier regiment, the 24th Infantry was established on November 1, 1869.
Ku Klux Klan Conspiracy - 1871 Congressional Testimony Documents
7,012 pages of Congressional testimony published in 1872 on the Ku Klux Klan activity. In 1869, a federal grand jury declared the Ku Klux Klan to be a terrorist organization. In January 1871, Pennsylvania Republican senator John Scott convened a committee, which took testimony from witnesses about Klan atrocities. In 1872, the U.S. Congress published the 13 volume "Report of the Joint Select Committee Appointed to Inquire into the Condition of Affairs in the Late Insurrectionary States." Historians often referred to these volumes as the KKK Testimony.
Malcolm X: FBI - CIA - New York Police Department Files
9,660 pages of FBI, CIA, and New York Police Department files covering Malcolm X. Malcolm X was a Minister of the Nation of Islam until March 1964, when he left and formed the Muslim Mosque, Inc., and the Organization of Afro-American Unity. Malcolm X was assassinated on February 21, 1965, while delivering a speech in New York City. Norman Butler, Thomas Johnson, and Talmage Hayer were convicted of his murder and sentenced to life in prison.
Martin Luther King Jr. Assassination - Jacksonville Mississippi FBI Bureau Files
3,333 pages of Jacksonville Mississippi FBI Bureau files related to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., files dating from 1968 to 1977. The files document the FBI’s investigation of leads and possible suspects in the April 4, 1968, assassination of King. The Federal Bureau of Investigation concluded that James Earl Ray was the sole assassin of King. Includes documents concerning individuals some believe were complicit in the assassination of King, including Donald Nissen, Leroy McManaman, William Kenneth Knight, and Don Sparks.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Assassination Investigation Documents
8,121 pages of FBI reports, Memphis Police Department, Shelby County Sheriff’s Office, Shelby County Prosecutors’ office, James Earl Ray Public Defender, and Scotland Yard files.
Martin Luther King Jr. FBI Files - Volume 1: FBI Headquarters Main Files
19,000 pages of FBI files covering Martin Luther King Jr. copied from King's Main File maintained by the FBI. The files date from 1962 to 1977. The FBI began monitoring Martin Luther King, Jr., in December 1955, during his involvement with the Montgomery bus boycott, and lasted until and beyond his death.
Martin Luther King Jr. State Department Files - Passport Files
Documents selected from the United States Department of State's Passport Office files on Martin Luther King Jr, dating from 2/12/1957 to 6/12/1967. Files include passport applications and travel plans for Martin Luther King, Jr. The State Department compiled material covering biographical information of Martin Luther King Jr., a passage concerning connections between members of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and the Communist Party, travel itineraries, photographs, and his signature.
Mississippi Civil Rights Workers (Chaney, Goodman, And Schwerner) Murders (MIBURN) FBI Files & President Johnson Telephone Audio Recordings
1,168 pages of FBI files and four hours and forty-three minutes of President Lyndon B. Johnson White House phone conversation audio recordings related to the murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner, also known as the Freedom Summer murders, the Mississippi civil rights workers' murders or the Mississippi Burning murders
Mississippi Burning Civil Rights Workers Murders Trial Transcripts
2,648 pages of Federal trial transcripts of the case United States v. Price, stemming from the murders of James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner, also known as the “Mississippi Burning” incident. Trial transcripts from Department of Justice's Civil Rights Division’s 1967 prosecution of individuals charged with the violation of the civil rights of James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner in the United States v. Price, et al. On June 21, 1964, several individuals conspired to murder civil rights workers James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner in Philadelphia, Mississippi, one day after the three had arrived in Mississippi to assist in efforts to register African American voters. Deputy Sheriff Cecil Price approached the civil rights workers while they changed a tire on the car by the side of the road.
Muhammad Ali: United States v. Clay (Ali) Court Documents, FBI Files & Histories
1,660 pages of court documents, FBI files and histories related to Muhammad Ali's refusal to be inducted into the United States military during the Vietnam War.
Nelson Mandela FBI & State Department Files
344 pages of FBI files containing both FBI and State Department documents, covering the former ANC leader and president of South Africa (1994–1999), Nelson Mandela.
The 344 pages of files primarily date from May 1990 to October 2000. The subject of most of the documents in this release, which were produced by the FBI, concerns the safety of Nelson Mandela during his visits to the United States. The State Department files also mention Mandela’s political and foreign relations activities.
Paul Robeson FBI & British Intelligence Files, and Newspaper Articles
This collection contains a total of 3,893 pages of FBI and British intelligence files, and American newspaper articles covering Paul and Essie Robeson. Paul Leroy Robeson (1898 – 1976) was a stage and film actor, recording artist, professional football player, and political activist who became famous both for his cultural accomplishments and for his political stances.
World War II Port Chicago Disaster/Port Chicago Mutiny Documents Court Martial Files & Films
2,653 pages of documents and 40 minutes of films covering the Port Chicago Explosion and the Court Martial of the Port Chicago 50. On July 17, 1944, a deadly munitions explosion at Port Chicago Naval Magazine, California killed 320 sailors and civilians and injured 390 others. African Americans constituted nearly 75 percent of the 320 fatalities and 60 percent of the 390 hurt. It was the worst American home front disaster of World War II.
Public Papers of President Barack H Obama (January 20, 2008 - to January 20, 2017)
15,217 pages of Public Papers of President Barack H Obama (January 20, 2008 - to January 20, 2017).
The Public Papers of the Presidents, which is compiled and published by the Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), began in 1957 in response to a recommendation of the National Historical Publications Commission. The Commission recommended the establishment of an official series in which Presidential writings, addresses, and remarks of a public nature could be made available.
Each Public Papers volume contains the papers and speeches of the President of the United States that were issued by the Office of the Press Secretary during the specified time period. The material is presented in chronological order, and the dates shown in the headings are the dates of the documents or events. In instances when the release date differs from the date of the document itself, that fact is shown in the text note.
Richard Nathaniel Wright FBI Files
169 pages of files copied from FBI Headquarters in Washington, D.C., covering Richard Nathaniel Wright. Wright is the author of "Native Son," "The Color Curtain," and "Black Boy." This famous writer was investigated by the FBI due to his membership in the communist party between 1932-1942. He left the party in 1942 because of ideological disputes.
Slave Ship Arthur 1677-1678 Journal & Transcript
47-Page. A journal kept by the ships factor George Hingstond escribing the voyage of the Arthur commanded by Robert Doegood, from London to New Calabar River (Nigeria) to purchase Africans and then to Barbados where the Africans were sold.
Slavery Political Cartoons: 1789 – 1880
174 images of political cartoons held by the Library of Congress, dating from 1789 to 1880, dealing with slavery and abolitionism, and its relationship and its influence on American public life.
Sonny Liston FBI Files
126 pages of former heavy weight boxing champion, Sonny Liston, FBI files. Charles "Sonny" Liston was born in 1932, into a family where he became one of twenty-five children. Liston's life was marked with numerous arrests, before and after he entered boxing. In 1950, Sonny Liston was arrested six times for muggings, one which only gained him five cents.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) FBI and State of Mississippi Files
This collection contains 4,841 pages
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was a prominent civil rights organization in the 1960s that advocated for nonviolent direct acon and played a crucial role in combating racial segregation and discrimination, and later grew into a more radical and militant organization before its dissolution.
John Lewis was a co-founder and chairman of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Lewis led the SNCC through many of the seminal moments in the Civil Rights movement, including the Freedom Rides, the 1963 March on Washington, and the Selma to Montgomery Marches. Lewis faced down threats, arrest, and violence, most famously during the “Bloody Sunday” Selma March in 1965.
Later the SNCC was led by Stokely Carmichael, H. Rap Brown, and finally Phil Hutchings, before its dissolution in 1970.
The Crisis - NAACP Magazine (1910 - 1923)
7,800 pages of The Crisis NAACP magazine, every issue published from its first issue, November 1910, through October 1923. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) established The Crisis magazine in 1910 to provide a magazine for its members. Under the editorship of W.E.B. DuBois. The Crisis, which DuBois edited for nearly 25 years, became the premier outlet for black writers and artists.
Thurgood Marshall FBI Files
1,471 pages of files copied from FBI Headquarters in Washington, D.C., covering Thurgood Marshall. Files contain records relating to Marshall's activities with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and background investigations conducted in connection with his appointment as a Federal Judge and Supreme Court Justice. Coverage includes Marshall's efforts in late 50's Texas school desegregation, correspondence between Marshall and J. Edgar Hoover concerning the investigation of a 1947 lynching, and Marshall's concern about communist infiltration of the NAACP.
Tulsa Oklahoma African American Newspaper Tulsa Star 1913-1921
1,476 pages in 209 weekly issues of the African American Newspaper Tulsa Star, dating from 1913 to 1921. The last issue of the Star ever published is the issue before the 1921 Tulsa Race Riot & Massacre. The Star had its building and equipment destroyed during the massacre. Unfortunately, the last known issue of the Star in which there is a copy still in existence is the January 30, 1921, issue. This collection has 209 issues dating from April 11, 1913, to January 30, 1921. Despite lack of coverage of the 1921 Riot/Massacre, this collection is a valuable resource because it shows the relationship between Black and White Tulsans, occurrences of lynching in Oklahoma, Jim Crow in early 20th century America, African American patriotism during World War I and evidence of a higher degree of material wealth among Black citizens of Tulsa, compared to that of blacks in much of the rest of the nation.
Tupac Shakur FBI Files & Police Files
119 pages of FBI Files & police files connected to rapper Tupac Shakur.
Alabama Civil Rights Worker Viola Liuzzo Murder - Alabama KKK FBI Files - President Johnson Secret Audio Recordings
1,575 pages of files copied from FBI Headquarters in Washington, D.C., covering the investigation of the Viola Liuzzo murder.
Viola Gregg Liuzzo (1925-1965) was a 39-year-old white mother and a civil rights worker from Detroit who came to Alabama to help with voter registration. She was murdered March 25, 1965, en route to a civil rights meeting, after being seen riding in a car with Leroy Moton, a black man. She was the first white woman killed during the American civil rights movement. Her murder was allegedly committed by KKK members Eugene Thomas, Collie Leroy Wilkins, Jr. and William Orville Eaton.
Viola Liuzzo-Civil Rights Worker Murder Trials Court Documents, Transcripts and Historical Files
The United States v. Eaton, Wilkins & Thomas was the first conviction of Klansmen in a civil rights homicide related case in modern southern history.
4,417 pages of court documents, trial transcripts, Department of Justice and FBI Files and Congressional reporting related to the two state trials and the one federal trial of the accused murderer(s) of civil rights worker Viola Liuzzo by the Ku Klux Klan in Alabama. Civil rights volunteer Viola Liuzzo from Detroit was shot to death as she was driving to Montgomery to pick up marchers to return to Selma. Four Ku Klux Klan members were arrested for her murder, three of whom were eventually convicted of violating Mrs. Liuzzo's civil rights and sentenced to 10 years in prison.
The documents date from 1965 to 1983. Includes a report of a Department of Justice investigation into the activity of controversial FBI Klan informant Gary Thomas Rowe Jr. Includes court documents related to a Justice Department lawsuit against Lowndes County, Alabama, for discrimination on the basis of race and gender in its jury selection system. Also included is the reconstitution of closing arguments made by defense counsel in the first trial.
W.E.B. Dubois FBI Files
530 pages of files copied from FBI Headquarters in Washington, D.C., covering FBI investigations of W.E.B. DuBois. William E.B. DuBois was Director of Publications of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and editor of the magazine "Crisis.”
Wallace D. Fard/Nation of Islam FBI Files
816 pages of files copied from FBI Headquarters in Washington, D.C., covering Wallace D. Fard. Miscellaneous information about Wallace D. Fard, also called Wallace Fard Muhammad, or Walli Farrad, who is said to be the original founder of the Black Muslim movement. In 1930, Fard founded a mosque in Detroit, marking what many believe to be the actual beginning of the Nation of Islam. In 1934, Fard disappeared, and Elijah Muhammad became the mosque's leader.
